ST44

Stomach Channel

Inner Courtyard

内庭Nèi Tíng

Anatomical location

On the dorsum of the foot, between the second and third toes, in the depression proximal to the interdigital webs.

Main function

Clears Heat, descends rebellious Qi, regulates the Stomach, benefits the face.

  • Ying-Spring Point (Water)

Therapeutic indications

  • Toothache
  • sore throat
  • epistaxis
  • stomach pain
  • diarrhea
  • facial paralysis
  • heartburn
  • gastric pain
  • abdominal distension
  • dysentery
  • pain of the dorsum of the foot
  • fever
  • halitosis
  • multiple sclerosis (Wei syndrome)
  • trigeminal neuralgia
  • bruxism
  • diabetes mellitus (Xiao Ke)
  • obesity and overweight
  • hyperuricemia and gout
  • acne

Name and classical tradition

Neiting, 内庭, is the “inner courtyard.” 内 (內) is the interior; 庭, the courtyard, the vestibule of the house. The point lies at the web between the second and third toes, and the traditional reading, accepted without controversy, sees it as the entrance, the vestibule, leading to the interior. The reference works record the graphic variant 內廷, which is not a different name.

The Lingshu (Spiritual Pivot), in the chapter Ben Shu (本輸), includes it among the Five Shu points of the channel as the Ying-Spring point (滎穴), which in the Yang channels corresponds to Water. The exact passage was not located in this research, but its status as a Ying-Spring point is consistently established.

The tradition has used it above all for Stomach Heat (胃火), including toothache due to that Heat. The use is well rooted in the textbooks, although the ancient citation that establishes it was not located here.

Location of point ST44, Inner Courtyard
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View point on the 3D modelST44 on the anatomy
Needling techniquePerpendicular insertion 0.3-0.5 cun or oblique upward.
Depth0.3-0.5 cun
MoxibustionCan be used with caution (3-5 minutes, indirect moxa)

Patterns that use it · 3

Basic formulas from the vademecum · 1

View the vademecum

Named functional sets from the school: here the point does not act on its own, but through the role it plays within the maneuver.

  • Cool the YangmingThe two Ying-Spring points (Water) of the Yangming axis: the shortest route for bringing down Heat from the Large Intestine and the Stomach.
Cover of the guide “Protocols for the 20 most common patterns”

Free guide · PDF

Protocols for the 20 patterns you see most in practice

Each pattern with its tongue, its pulse, the treatment principle and the points to tonify and disperse. Made for the treatment table, not the bookshelf.

Do you use ST44 with your patients?

In the Clinic you record it in the patient's file, next to the tongue, the pulse and the measurements, so at the next session you know exactly what you used. The Atlas is built in.

See the Clinic